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Cat 5Atlantic basin · Louisiana · Mississippi · Alabama

Hurricane Katrina (2005)

August 23 – August 31, 2005

Peak wind
175 mph
Min pressure
902 mb
Deaths
1,392
Damage
$125.0B
US landfalls
3

Fast Facts

Active
August 23 – 31, 2005 (9 days)
Peak category
Category 5
Peak wind
175 mph
Minimum pressure
902 mb (6th lowest Atlantic)
US landfalls
3 (Florida + 2× Louisiana/Mississippi)
Deaths
1,392
Damage
$125 billion (2005 USD) — ~$200B adjusted
Rank
Costliest US hurricane ever; 3rd deadliest of the modern era
NHC report
TCR-AL122005 (Knabb, Rhome, Brown — Dec 2005)

Source: NOAA National Hurricane Center; HURDAT2 best-track database.

Path Map

Hover or tap any point for advisory details
TD
TS
Cat 1
Cat 2
Cat 3
Cat 4
Cat 5

16 best-track points from NOAA HURDAT2. Segment color shows Saffir-Simpson intensity at the starting advisory.

Landfalls

LocationDateCategoryWind
North Miami Beach, FL2005-08-25Cat 180 mph
Buras-Triumph, LA2005-08-29Cat 3125 mph
Pearl River mouth, LA/MS2005-08-29Cat 3120 mph

Formation and intensification

Katrina formed as Tropical Depression Twelve over the central Bahamas on August 23, 2005, from the merger of a tropical wave that had crossed the Atlantic with remnant energy from Tropical Depression Ten. The system strengthened slowly during a slow drift northwestward, becoming Tropical Storm Katrina early on August 24. Late on August 25, just two hours before crossing the southeastern Florida coast, Katrina was upgraded to a Category 1 hurricane. The Florida crossing was destructive but brief. Katrina emerged into the eastern Gulf of Mexico having barely weakened, and once over the unusually warm waters of the Loop Current — sea-surface temperatures near 30°C with an exceptionally deep warm layer — explosive intensification began. From 12:00 UTC on August 27 to 18:00 UTC on August 28, Katrina's maximum sustained winds increased from 100 mph to 175 mph, and its central pressure fell from 968 mb to 902 mb. At peak intensity it was the fifth-most-intense Atlantic hurricane on record.

Landfall and the levee failures

Katrina weakened slightly during its final 24-hour approach to the northern Gulf Coast, and made its second US landfall near Buras-Triumph, Louisiana at 11:10 UTC on August 29 as a Category 3 hurricane with 125 mph sustained winds. A third landfall followed near the Louisiana–Mississippi border at the mouth of the Pearl River. The Mississippi Gulf Coast experienced catastrophic storm surge of 24 to 28 feet from Bay St. Louis to Biloxi — at the time, the highest surge ever measured in the United States. In New Orleans, the storm itself caused significant wind damage but the city's federal levee system failed at multiple points between roughly 6:30 and 9:00 a.m. local time on August 29. Three principal breaches — the 17th Street Canal, London Avenue Canal, and Industrial Canal — flooded approximately 80% of the city to depths exceeding 20 feet in the Lower Ninth Ward. Subsequent investigations by the US Army Corps of Engineers and the American Society of Civil Engineers attributed the failures to design and construction deficiencies rather than the storm exceeding design parameters.

Aftermath and legacy

Hurricane Katrina remains the deadliest US hurricane since the 1928 Okeechobee storm and the costliest natural disaster in US history. The federal response — particularly that of FEMA — became the subject of a Congressional investigation and led to the 2006 Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act. The City of New Orleans lost roughly 30% of its pre-storm population permanently, and the demographics of large neighborhoods including the Lower Ninth Ward and Gentilly shifted substantially. The Greater New Orleans levee system was rebuilt and substantially upgraded between 2006 and 2018 at a federal cost of approximately $15 billion, including new surge barriers at the Inner Harbor and a re-engineered floodwall system designed to withstand a 100-year storm event. The retired name "Katrina" was permanently removed from the rotating Atlantic hurricane name list in 2006.

Frequently Asked Questions

When did Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans?

Hurricane Katrina made its second and most destructive landfall near the mouth of the Pearl River on the Louisiana–Mississippi border at 10:00 a.m. CDT on August 29, 2005, as a Category 3 storm with 120 mph winds. The storm surge struck New Orleans hours earlier, with federal levees on the 17th Street, London Avenue, and Industrial Canals failing between roughly 6:30 and 9:00 a.m. CDT, flooding approximately 80% of the city.

What category was Hurricane Katrina at landfall?

Katrina was a Category 3 hurricane at both of its Louisiana/Mississippi landfalls on August 29, 2005, with maximum sustained winds of 125 mph at Buras-Triumph and 120 mph at the Pearl River mouth. It had been a Category 5 with 175 mph winds 24 hours earlier over the central Gulf, but weakened during the final approach.

How many people died in Hurricane Katrina?

The NHC official report attributes 1,392 deaths to Hurricane Katrina, with most fatalities occurring in Louisiana (1,170) and Mississippi (238). The bulk of New Orleans deaths resulted from the post-landfall flooding caused by federal levee failures, not the storm itself. Several hundred additional deaths in subsequent months are commonly attributed to the storm in broader analyses.

How much damage did Hurricane Katrina cause?

Katrina caused approximately $125 billion in damage in 2005 dollars — about $200 billion adjusted to 2024 — making it the costliest natural disaster in US history. The figure includes residential, commercial, and infrastructure losses across Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida, as well as substantial economic losses from the temporary shutdown of Gulf of Mexico oil production.

Where did Hurricane Katrina form?

Katrina formed as Tropical Depression Twelve over the central Bahamas at approximately 18:00 UTC on August 23, 2005, from the merger of a tropical wave that had crossed the Atlantic and the remnants of a previous tropical depression. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Katrina early on August 24 and reached hurricane status just two hours before its first landfall near North Miami Beach on August 25.

What was the lowest pressure of Hurricane Katrina?

Katrina's minimum central pressure was 902 mb (26.64 inHg), reached at 18:00 UTC on August 28, 2005, while the storm was at peak intensity in the central Gulf of Mexico. This made it the 6th-lowest pressure ever recorded in an Atlantic hurricane at the time (since exceeded only by a handful of even more intense storms).

Sources

Related Hurricanes

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