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Cat 5Atlantic basin · Florida · Louisiana · Bahamas

Hurricane Andrew (1992)

August 16 – August 28, 1992

Peak wind
175 mph
Min pressure
922 mb
Deaths
65
Damage
$27.3B
US landfalls
3

Fast Facts

Active
August 16 – 28, 1992 (12 days)
Peak category
Category 5
Peak wind
175 mph (Florida landfall reanalysis)
Minimum pressure
922 mb
Florida landfall
Cat 5 at Homestead, ~9:00 a.m. UTC August 24
Deaths
65 (44 in US)
Damage
$27.3 billion (1992 USD)
Rank at the time
Costliest US hurricane on record (until Katrina)
Reanalysis
Upgraded to Cat 5 in 2002 (Powell & Houston, Landsea)

Source: NOAA National Hurricane Center; HURDAT2 best-track database.

Path Map

Hover or tap any point for advisory details
TD
TS
Cat 1
Cat 2
Cat 3
Cat 4
Cat 5

14 best-track points from NOAA HURDAT2. Segment color shows Saffir-Simpson intensity at the starting advisory.

Landfalls

LocationDateCategoryWind
Eleuthera, Bahamas1992-08-23Cat 5160 mph
Homestead, FL1992-08-24Cat 5165 mph
Morgan City, LA1992-08-26Cat 3115 mph

A small, intensely powerful storm

Andrew formed as a tropical depression on August 16, 1992 from a vigorous tropical wave that had crossed Africa. The system struggled at first against strong upper-level wind shear and nearly dissipated as a tropical storm on August 20. Once it moved into a more favorable environment over the Bahamas, however, Andrew underwent explosive intensification in approximately 36 hours — from a 75 mph hurricane on August 22 to a 175 mph Category 5 by August 23. What distinguished Andrew was its compactness. The storm's hurricane-force wind field at peak intensity was just 30 miles in diameter, but those winds were among the strongest ever measured at a US landfall. Damage was correspondingly concentrated rather than widespread.

Florida landfall and the rebuild

Andrew crossed Eleuthera in the Bahamas as a Category 5 on August 23, 1992, then made US landfall just south of Homestead in Miami-Dade County at approximately 5:05 a.m. EDT on August 24. Sustained winds of 165 mph and a central pressure of 922 mb produced near-total destruction in a 25-mile-wide swath across southern Miami-Dade. The town of Homestead was effectively leveled; the destruction of Homestead Air Force Base led to its eventual closure. South of the storm's eye, gusts at Perrine were estimated at 212 mph. The post-storm investigation revealed widespread failure of residential construction that should have survived a storm of Andrew's intensity. Roof-to-wall connections sheared away across thousands of homes, plywood-sheathed roofs lifted off intact, and gable-end walls collapsed inward. The findings led directly to the 1994 Miami-Dade High-Velocity Hurricane Zone code revisions and, indirectly, to the modern Florida Building Code.

Frequently Asked Questions

When did Hurricane Andrew hit Florida?

Hurricane Andrew made landfall in south Florida near Homestead at approximately 5:05 a.m. EDT on August 24, 1992, as a Category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 165 mph. Andrew was originally classified as a Category 4 at landfall, but a 2002 reanalysis by Powell and Houston, ratified by the NHC Best Track Change Committee, upgraded it to Category 5.

How much damage did Hurricane Andrew cause?

Hurricane Andrew caused approximately $27.3 billion in damage in 1992 dollars (about $60.5 billion adjusted to 2024). At the time it was by far the costliest natural disaster in US history — a record that held until Hurricane Katrina in 2005. The bulk of the damage was concentrated in southern Miami-Dade County, particularly Homestead, Florida City, and Cutler Ridge.

How many people died in Hurricane Andrew?

Andrew was directly responsible for 23 deaths in the United States, with an additional 21 indirect deaths attributed to the storm (heart attacks, post-storm fires, electrocutions during cleanup). Three additional deaths occurred in the Bahamas and 17 in Louisiana for a total of approximately 65. The relatively low death toll for a Category 5 reflected effective evacuation of the most vulnerable coastal areas before landfall.

Was Hurricane Andrew a Category 5?

Yes. Hurricane Andrew was officially upgraded from Category 4 to Category 5 at its Florida landfall in August 2002, following a multi-year reanalysis by hurricane researchers led by Mark Powell and James Houston. The reanalysis concluded that the surface winds at Homestead were approximately 165 mph based on better-corrected anemometer records, microwave-derived surface wind data, and a more accurate translation from flight-level winds.

What rebuilding changes followed Hurricane Andrew?

Andrew triggered the most substantial overhaul of building codes in US history. Miami-Dade and Broward Counties adopted what became known as the High-Velocity Hurricane Zone (HVHZ) requirements, which mandated impact-resistant windows or shutters, reinforced roof-to-wall connections, and stricter inspections. The 2001 Florida Building Code extended modified versions of these standards statewide, and several other Gulf and Atlantic states subsequently adopted similar provisions.

Sources

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