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MegafireCalifornia · 2021

Dixie Fire (2021)

July 13 – October 25, 2021

Acres burned
963,309
Deaths
1
Structures destroyed
1,329
Damage
$1.1B

Fast Facts

Date
July 13 – October 25, 2021
Acres burned
963,309 — 2nd-largest single fire in CA history
Counties
Butte, Plumas, Tehama, Shasta, Lassen
Deaths
1
Structures destroyed
1,329
Damage
$1.15 billion (2021 USD)
Communities destroyed
Greenville (Aug 4), Canyondam, Indian Falls
Cause
PG&E distribution line near Cresta Dam

Cause: PG&E distribution line ignition near Cresta Dam

Perimeter & Origin Map

Hover or tap markers for details
Ignition point
Impact location
Burn perimeter
Severity: > 100,000 acres

Perimeter is a simplified polygon approximating the final burn footprint from NIFC/CalFire records. Origin coordinates from the official incident investigation report.

A summer-long siege

The Dixie Fire was ignited on July 13, 2021 by a tree falling on a PG&E distribution line near Cresta Dam in the Feather River Canyon — almost exactly the same area where the 2018 Camp Fire had been ignited by a different PG&E circuit. Initial response was complicated by the steep canyon terrain that limited ground access, by extreme drought (the worst in California's instrumental record), and by the breadth of similar incidents elsewhere in the state that drew firefighting resources thin. The fire burned actively for 103 days, advancing on multiple fronts. By the end of July it had grown to over 240,000 acres. The critical wind event came on August 4, when southwesterly winds drove the fire across Highway 89 and into the town of Greenville. By that point, the fire had become the second-largest in California's recorded history and was burning through landscapes that had not seen significant fire since the early 20th century.

Greenville and the legacy questions

On the afternoon of August 4, 2021, sustained southwest winds drove the Dixie Fire across Indian Creek and into the town of Greenville, the historic seat of Plumas County. Within approximately 90 minutes, the fire had destroyed roughly 700 of the town's 800 structures, including the entire downtown core. The Plumas County courthouse, library, and many of the town's 19th-century commercial buildings were lost. There were no fatalities — evacuation had been ordered several hours earlier — but the community of approximately 1,100 was essentially gone. The Dixie Fire was the second PG&E-caused megafire in three years in the same canyon, and it intensified ongoing scrutiny of the utility's grid hardening program. PG&E announced in mid-2021 that it would bury approximately 10,000 miles of distribution line in high fire-risk areas — a program estimated at $15-30 billion. The Dixie Fire damages settlement with affected communities exceeded $200 million.

Frequently Asked Questions

How big was the Dixie Fire?

The Dixie Fire burned 963,309 acres (approximately 1,505 square miles) across five California counties — making it the second-largest single wildfire in California history, behind only the 2020 August Complex. It was the largest single-source wildfire in the state's recorded history (the August Complex was a combination of 38 separate ignitions that later merged).

How did the Dixie Fire start?

CalFire and the US Forest Service investigation determined that the Dixie Fire was ignited on July 13, 2021 when a Douglas fir tree fell onto a PG&E distribution line near Cresta Dam in the Feather River Canyon. The 12-kV conductor remained energized for an extended period before the line de-energized, providing sufficient time for the contact arc to ignite vegetation at the base of the tree.

What towns were destroyed by the Dixie Fire?

The most complete destruction occurred in the town of Greenville, in Plumas County, which was overrun by the fire on August 4, 2021. Approximately 700 of the town's 800 structures were destroyed, including the historic downtown core. The smaller communities of Canyondam and Indian Falls were also largely destroyed, and significant damage occurred in Crescent Mills, Taylorsville, Caribou, and Twain.

Did the Dixie Fire reach Lassen Volcanic National Park?

Yes. The Dixie Fire burned through approximately 73,240 acres of Lassen Volcanic National Park — roughly 69% of the park's total area. Major historic structures including the Mount Harkness fire lookout were destroyed. The fire became the first fire in modern history to burn from the western to the eastern Sierra Nevada in a single event, crossing the Sierra crest near Lake Almanor in early August.

Sources

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